The collapse of the Safavid dynasty because of a rebel in Eastern Iran in 1135 A.H. was caused by several factors, one of which was the Safavid military performance as a reaction to the rebellion of Afghans. Although, the Safavid rule took considerable measures in the military sphere from 1120 to 1135 A.H. for confronting the Afghan revolt, they were not successful. The major concerns of this research were finding out the reasons of such military failures as well as an analysis of administrative, social and political factors, with neutralizing or negative effects, on these military acts. To find the real causes of such circumstances, the military measures for curbing the crisis, removing the available obstacles, shortcomings, and failures were investigated. The Afghan rebels finally won for a number of reasons such as neglects, weaknesses, killing time, mismanagements of forces and central agents, poor leadership, poor information access, and the lack of resistance and motivation for war on the part of the Safavid rule. Of course, the role of structural, social, political and administrative factors inherited from former kings' rule, that directly or indirectly weakened the military force, is undeniable. The present research used a descriptive-analytical model for its data collection and analysis.