The early Abbasid Caliphate, spanning approximately a century from 132 to 232 AH, is recognized as the most glorious period of this caliphate, often referred to by historians as the Golden Age. During this time, around nine caliphs ascended to power and played a significant role in political and social transformations. In this era, the use of hard power and social repression became a central focus of governmental policies. The Abbasids attempted to legitimize their violent and ruthless actions against opponents, such as killings and torture, by depicting them with a religious color, despite the fact that Islamic law does not endorse such behavior. This policy reached its peak during the caliphates of Al-Mansur and Harun al-Rashid, when they shifted towards Sunni ideologies and Arab nationalism, and distanced themselves from Iranians in an effort to solidify their power base. Among the victims of this political shift were prominent figures from the Alawid and Iranian ministerial families, such as the Barmakids. Almost all opposing forces to the Abbasids, including remnants of the Umayyads, Khawarij, Iranians, Alawids, and Shiite Imams and their followers, were subjected to Abbasid repression. The main question of the present study concerns how the use of hard power and social repression by the Abbasids affected the stability and legitimacy of their government. The study hypothesized that the use of hard power and social repression by the Abbasids, despite attempts to provide religious legitimacy to these actions, led to a decrease in popular support and an increase in dissatisfaction among various social groups, ultimately weakening the foundations of their rule.