نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
In Europe, for many centuries, the church was an institution that paid more attention to the spiritual affairs of Christians and interfered less in their political affairs. But with the beginning of the Crusades, Pope Urban II and other bishops as the leaders of the Christians sent them to the East to fight with the Muslims, and thereby ignited the fire of the Crusades. The present study, using the descriptive-analytical method, tries to answer the question of what was the position of Christian priests and Pope Urban II in Europe and what role did they play in the occurrence of these wars? The purpose of this research is to analyze the actions of this Pope and other bishops of the church in the formation of these wars and how Christians were influenced by their words and actions. The findings of the research indicate that Pope Urban II and his contemporary bishops raised the power of the church to its highest level at that time and used this position to incite Christian Europeans against Muslims. It seems that this issue was the most important factor in igniting the fire of the crusades. These priests started wars on various pretexts, including the appeal of the Byzantine Emperor Alexius Komnen to the Pope, the mistreatment of Muslims with the Christian pilgrims of Jerusalem, and reminding the danger posed by Muslims to Christians. By continuing their propaganda, they started a religious conflict against Muslims, the flames of which raged for about two centuries and engulfed many people from both sides. Whether we consider the goal of the Crusades to be the domination of the Western or the Catholic Church over the Eastern or the Orthodox Church, the conquest of Jerusalem for religious motives or the acquisition of the material goods of the East by European Christians, in any case, the Christian clergy played a decisive role in the initiation and continuation of these wars.
کلیدواژهها English
